Elements of Algebra

186 ELEMENTS SECT. IV. SECTION IV. Of Algebraic Equations, and the Resolution of them. CHAP. I. Of the Solution of Problems in general. 563. The principal object of Algebra, as well as of all the other branches of Mathematics, is to determine the value of quantities that were before unknown; and this is obtained by considering attentively the conditions given, which are always expressed in known numbers. For this reason, Algebra has been defined, The science which teaches how to determine unknown quantities by means of those that are known. 564. The above definition agrees with all that has been hitherto laid down: for we have always seen that the knowledge of certain quantities leads to that of other quantities, which before might have been considered as unknown. Of this, Addition will readily furnish an example; for, in order to find the sum of two or more given numbers, we had to seek for an unknown number, which should be equal to those known numbers taken together. In Subtraction, we sought for a number which should be equal to the difference of two known numbers. A multitude of other examples are presented by Multiplication, Division, the Involution of powers, and the Extraction of roots; the question being always reduced to finding, by means of known quantities, other quantities which are unknown. 565. In the last section, also, different questions were resolved, in which it was required to determine a number that could not be deduced from the knowledge of other given numbers, except under certain conditions. All those questions were reduced to finding, by the aid of some given numbers, a new number, which should have a certain connexion with them; and this connexion was determined by