Leonhard Euler · 1744 · Internet Archive
Methodus inveniendi lineas curvas
All 336 leaves · leaf 142
Transcription
IN RESOLVENDIS QUAESTIONIBUS. 135
mula ad casum primum pertinet, linea satisfaciens erit pro quovis valore ipsius $x$ minima. Cum igitur fit $Z=\sqrt{(yy+pp)}$, erit $dZ = \frac{ydy}{\sqrt{(yy+pp)}} + \frac{pdp}{\sqrt{(yy+pp)}}$, & in casu primo fiet
$M=0$, $N=\frac{y}{\sqrt{(yy+pp)}}$, $P=\frac{p}{\sqrt{(yy+pp)}}$, $Q=0$, $R=0$, &c. ideoque $dZ=Ndy+Pdp$. Habebitur ergo iste valor differentialis $uv.dx(N-\frac{dP}{dx})$, indeque pro solutione ista aequatio, $0=N-\frac{dP}{dx}$: quae, multiplicata per $pdx=dy$, dat $Ndy=pdP$; quo in aequatione $dZ=Ndy+Pdp$ substituto, prodibit $dZ=Pdp+pdP$, & integrando $z+C=Pp$, seu $C+\sqrt{(yy+pp)}=\frac{pp}{\sqrt{(yy+pp)}}$. Quocirca erit $\frac{yy}{\sqrt{(yy+pp)}}=Const.=b$. At est $Mm [dx\sqrt{(yy+pp)}]: Mn [\int dx]=MC [y]: \frac{yy}{\sqrt{(yy+pp)}}$; quae quarta proportionalis praebet perpendiculum $CP$, quod ex $C$ in tangentem lineae quaesitae $MP$ demittitur. Cum igitur hoc perpendiculum $CP$ fit constans, intelligitur lineam quaesitam esse rectam: & quia, in aequatione inventa prima $Ndx=dP$, duae insunt potentia constantes arbitrariae, conditio haec quaestioni est addenda, ut linea quaesita per data duo puncta transeat; tum igitur linea recta per illa duo puncta ducta quaesito satisfaciet.
EXEMPLUM II.
9. Super axe $AP$ construere lineam $BM$, ita comparatam, ut, Fig. 8. abscissa area $ABMP$ datae magnitudinis, arcus curvae $BM$ illi area respondens fit omnium minimus.
Quia pro data area $ABMP$ minima longitudo arcus $BM$ requiritur, area $ABMP$ nobis designanda erit variabili $x$: altera variabili $y$ autem indicemus applicatam curvae $PM$. Jam fit abscissa $AP=t$, erit $x=\int ydt$, ideoque $dt=\frac{dx}{y}$, atque arcus
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